{"id":40640,"date":"2025-12-10T18:12:17","date_gmt":"2025-12-10T18:12:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/963media.com\/en\/?p=40640"},"modified":"2025-12-10T18:12:17","modified_gmt":"2025-12-10T18:12:17","slug":"where-the-sdf-syria-integration-debate-stands-one-year-on","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/963media.com\/en\/10\/12\/2025\/where-the-sdf-syria-integration-debate-stands-one-year-on\/","title":{"rendered":"Where the SDF\u2013Syria Integration Debate Stands One Year On"},"content":{"rendered":"

The debate over integrating the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) \u2013 a US-backed force and central to the fight against ISIS, controls large areas of north-eastern Syria \u2013 into the structure of the Syrian state has returned to the forefront after fresh comments by Turkish foreign minister Hakan Fidan. Speaking about ongoing negotiations in Damascus, Fidan said Ankara expects an agreement between the SDF and Syria\u2019s transitional government, stressing that Turkey wants \u201creal integration, not a symbolic arrangement\u201d.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fidan, in an interview with Reuters on the sidelines of the Doha Forum 2025, reiterated that Syria remains a strategic priority for Turkey. He recalled that Ankara adopted an \u201copen-door policy\u201d during the Syrian conflict, hosting millions of refugees for more than a decade, and said Turkey continues to advocate conditions in which all Syrian communities can feel safe and free. He also rejected claims that Turkey is hostile towards Syrian Kurds.<\/span><\/p>\n

At the same time, Fidan insisted on what he called the \u201cimmediate withdrawal\u201d of foreign elements linked to the PKK from Syria. He described this as an essential step for any political or security progress. He also accused Israel of hindering efforts to reunify Syria, describing its policies as \u201cdestabilising\u201d.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Turkish Pressures on SDF<\/b><\/h2>\n

Dr Kamal al-Labwani, a Syrian political figure based in Sweden, argues that Fidan\u2019s remarks are \u201cdemands accompanied by threats rather than signs of a genuine political shift\u201d. He tells <\/span>+963<\/b> that the SDF is unlikely to voluntarily integrate into a new Syrian state, describing it as a force with a \u201cseparatist nationalist project\u201d, supported by international powers that, in his view, want to keep eastern Syria as leverage against Turkey.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Zara Saleh, a UK-based researcher in peace and conflict studies, tells <\/span>+963<\/b> that Fidan\u2019s comments form part of a broader Turkish pressure campaign on the SDF. She explains that Turkey\u2019s significant influence over the interim government in Damascus allows it to push for an integration model aligned with Ankara\u2019s interests. In her view, Turkey\u2019s preferred outcome is the dismantling of the SDF and the redistribution of its fighters into loosely organised factions rather than a unified national army. However, she notes, the SDF is a structured, trained force and a recognised partner of the US-led coalition of nearly 90 states that fought ISIS \u2013 making such an outcome unrealistic.<\/span><\/p>\n

Al-Labwani adds that the agreement reached in March \u2013 which he says the United States encouraged both the SDF and interim president Ahmad Al-Sharaa to sign \u2013 \u201cwas born dead\u201d. He argues that all sides are now distancing themselves from the deal, from hard-line Syrian nationalists to Turkish ultra-nationalists and Islamist factions, who all benefit from continued tension without a full-scale war.<\/span><\/p>\n

Saleh believes any serious integration would likely be US-backed and would involve incorporating the SDF into specialised security structures while keeping it unified. Under such a model, she says, the SDF would continue leading counter-terrorism operations \u2013 an area where Washington considers it a reliable partner \u2013 while other factions would take on more limited advisory roles.<\/span><\/p>\n

She concludes that Turkey\u2019s concerns about the SDF are not purely security-driven but stem from what she describes as a \u201chistoric existential fear of Kurdish political gains\u201d. Any Kurdish advancement in Syria, she argues, is viewed in Ankara as a potential internal threat, shaping Turkey\u2019s attempts to limit Kurdish influence by pressuring both Damascus and the SDF.<\/span><\/p>\n

Al-Labwani predicts a prolonged period of \u201cstalemate and time-buying\u201d, with all actors benefiting from a situation that is neither war nor peace. He argues that the SDF uses the current dynamic to strengthen its autonomy, while Turkey uses it to justify its military presence in Syria and to intensify pressure on Kurdish political movements at home. He also claims that the interim government in Damascus \u201cdoes not want real partnership\u201d and prefers a model of \u201csocial uniformity\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

He concludes that the coming months will bring \u201cloud rhetoric without real change on the ground\u201d, since no actor is ready for a full confrontation or a genuine settlement \u2013 a situation he argues benefits Israel, which he claims has long used the Kurdish issue to advance its regional interests.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Read also: Syria One Year After Assad: Political Transition Amid Institutional Fragility<\/a>
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

AANES: Call for Credible and Lasting Peace\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n

Alongside the Turkish statements, Ilham Ahmed, co-chair of the Autonomous Administration\u2019s External Relations Department in north-east Syria, reaffirmed the Administration\u2019s willingness to enter direct talks with Turkey. Speaking via video at the International Conference for Peace and Democratic Society in Istanbul, she said the Administration rejects war and violence and supports peace, democracy and inclusive governance.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ahmed described the conference as \u201ca fundamental and noble step\u201d and said peace-related discussions are gaining seriousness inside Turkey. She also highlighted the influence of Abdullah \u00d6calan \u2013 the imprisoned PKK leader \u2013 despite the isolation imposed on him by Turkish authorities.<\/span><\/p>\n

She expressed her wish to attend the conference in person but said current restrictions prevent her from doing so. She called for removing these obstacles to allow a \u201ccredible and lasting\u201d peace process that would stabilise both Syria and Turkey.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ahmed stressed that any new Syrian state must be based on the rule of law and justice, guaranteeing democracy, freedom of belief and the rights of all communities. She argued that stability in Syria would naturally produce positive effects in Turkey and across the region.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dual-Track Integration Mechanism\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n

In parallel, \u00d6calan has suggested a dual-track mechanism for integrating the SDF into the Syrian army. His proposal envisions dividing the force into two parts \u2013 one merging with the central army, and the other taking responsibility for local security in the north-east.<\/span><\/p>\n

The proposal was relayed by Gulistan Kili\u00e7 Ko\u00e7yi\u011fit, a member of the Turkish Democrats Party, following a meeting with \u00d6calan on 24 November, alongside a parliamentary delegation that included representatives from the AKP, MHP and the Democrats. The remarks were reported by the Turkish outlet T24.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6calan stressed the need for a democratic system allowing all Syrian communities to participate according to their identities. He warned that \u201cthe SDF will not join any government that reproduces dictatorship\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Read also: Syria\u2026 the Corridor That Never Rests<\/a><\/strong>
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

March Agreement: Pragmatic Compromise\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n

Political analyst Amr Hussein tells <\/span>+963<\/b> that Turkish statements \u2013 along with \u00d6calan\u2019s repeated proposals \u2013 reopen a sensitive question about Syria\u2019s political future and the nature of any upcoming settlement. He says constitutional integration of the SDF can be interpreted in two contradictory ways: either as a step towards reunifying the military under a central authority, or as a pathway to a legally disguised form of dual governance resembling \u201csecurity-based autonomy\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hussein notes that the March agreement remains a political understanding rather than a binding constitutional framework, lacking guarantees on power-sharing, oversight and the role of armed actors. He describes it as a \u201cpragmatic compromise\u201d that could easily collapse if power balances shift.<\/span><\/p>\n

He says the broader discussion about decentralisation faces a legal challenge in defining the line between \u201cexpanded local administration\u201d and \u201cde facto autonomous governance\u201d. Without clarity, he warns, administrative structures could evolve into a quasi-independent political entity without an official declaration. He argues that any constitutional approach must include clear powers, strict central oversight and a unified security hierarchy.<\/span><\/p>\n

SDC: March Agreement as a National Pathway\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Mamdouh al-Mouslat, co-chair of the Syrian Democratic Council (SDC), warns that any attempt to restore the centralised state that previously marginalised Syrian communities \u201cwill not be accepted\u201d. He reaffirms the SDC\u2019s commitment to a democratic, decentralised Syria representing all citizens.<\/span><\/p>\n

Al-Mouslat says Syria is in a delicate phase of reconstruction and stresses openness to regional and international dialogue that preserves national unity and prevents fragmentation. He argues that the 10 March agreement forms a national pathway towards stability and calls for stronger Syrian\u2013Syrian dialogue as the only real solution.<\/span><\/p>\n

He highlights the importance of national reconciliation, protection of the rights of all communities and expanding local participation in political decision-making, insisting that meaningful national progress requires a new constitution based on fair representation and genuine political partnership.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The debate over integrating the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) \u2013 a US-backed force and central to the fight against ISIS, controls large areas of north-eastern Syria \u2013 into the structure of the Syrian state has returned to the forefront after fresh comments by Turkish foreign minister Hakan Fidan. Speaking about ongoing negotiations in Damascus, Fidan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":108,"featured_media":40641,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"format":"standard","override":[{"template":"1","single_blog_custom":"0","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"left-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"float","share_float_style":"share-normal","show_share_counter":"1","show_view_counter":"1","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"1","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"g:i a d\/m\/Y","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","post_calculate_word_method":"str_word_count","show_zoom_button":"1","zoom_button_out_step":"5","zoom_button_in_step":"4","show_post_tag":"1","number_popup_post":"1","show_post_related":"1"}],"image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","disable_ad":"0","subtitle":"The decisive integration battle \u2013 will the SDF become part of the transitional army or remain a pressure card in a regional struggle?"},"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_override_counter":{"view_counter_number":"0","share_counter_number":"0","like_counter_number":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"jnews_post_split":{"post_split":[{"template":"1","tag":"h2","numbering":"asc","mode":"normal","first":"0","enable_toc":"0","toc_type":"normal"}]},"footnotes":""},"categories":[430,19],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[394],"class_list":["post-40640","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-insights","category-slider"],"yoast_head":"\nWhere the SDF\u2013Syria Integration Debate Stands One Year On - 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