{"id":40268,"date":"2025-11-08T09:43:20","date_gmt":"2025-11-08T09:43:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/963media.com\/en\/?p=40268"},"modified":"2025-11-08T09:45:01","modified_gmt":"2025-11-08T09:45:01","slug":"rebuilding-the-state-syrias-hardest-battle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/963media.com\/en\/08\/11\/2025\/rebuilding-the-state-syrias-hardest-battle\/","title":{"rendered":"Rebuilding the State: Syria\u2019s Hardest Battle"},"content":{"rendered":"

The idea of governing state institutions in post-conflict Syria \u2013 after the fall of the Assad regime and under the interim government \u2013 has moved from theory to reality. It is now shaped by official declarations, practical challenges, and growing international attention. Over the past two years, the United Nations has repeatedly stressed in Security Council sessions that any genuine political transition depends on the new authority\u2019s capacity to create independent and functioning institutions \u2013 particularly the judiciary, oversight bodies, and local administrations. These reforms are seen as essential to holding credible elections and building a legal environment in which the state can operate free from security interference.<\/span><\/p>\n

Internationally, conferences on Syria \u2013 particularly the Brussels meetings on its future \u2013 have reaffirmed that aid and investment will depend on transparency, good governance, and administrative reform. Donors and international bodies have also shown readiness to provide technical support to the interim government, particularly in strengthening administrative capacity, developing digital systems of governance, and restructuring key service sectors such as electricity, water, and healthcare.<\/span><\/p>\n

At the same time, sanctions have become a decisive factor in determining how effectively the interim government can manage state institutions. Recent months have seen a growing debate on whether certain sanctions should be reviewed or eased to support reconstruction, revive devastated local economies, and restore essential services. Although opinions remain divided, the general direction appears to link any easing of sanctions to genuine progress in reform and transparency.<\/span><\/p>\n

Human rights have also returned to the centre of the debate. Calls have grown for mechanisms to ensure accountability for the violations committed both before and during the conflict. Transitional justice is increasingly viewed as an inseparable part of rebuilding state institutions \u2013 yet it places the interim government in a difficult position. It must find a balance between holding perpetrators accountable and retaining the skilled administrators needed to keep the state functioning.<\/span><\/p>\n

These overlapping challenges \u2013 from UN warnings and international conferences to the question of sanctions and justice \u2013 define the complex environment facing the interim government. Its performance will not be judged by political rhetoric, but by its ability to restore essential services, build transparent and accountable structures, and regain both domestic and international trust in the Syrian state\u2019s capacity to recover.<\/span><\/p>\n

Read also: Will U.S. Ideals or Interests Prevail in Syria?<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Reconstructing the State<\/b><\/h2>\n

Syrian researcher Diaa Qaddour told<\/span> +963<\/b> that the interim government\u2019s success in rebuilding Syria\u2019s state institutions on the foundations of transparency, justice, and efficiency rests on three central pillars. The first, he said, is the urgent need to lift international sanctions such as the Caesar Act \u2013 a step he considers crucial for economic and service recovery.<\/span><\/p>\n

He explained that institutional rebuilding must be based on competence and integrity, requiring a new constitution, firm anti-corruption laws, and a merit-based system of public appointments. Digitising state services, he added, will reduce bureaucracy and promote transparency. Continuity of essential services \u2013 particularly electricity, healthcare, and water \u2013 must also be safeguarded to prevent administrative paralysis.<\/span><\/p>\n

On the question of accountability, Qaddour argued that Syria needs a balanced approach to transitional justice \u2013 one that ensures judicial accountability for serious crimes and corruption, while preserving the technical and administrative expertise of those not implicated in wrongdoing. He revealed that several transitional justice measures have already been initiated, though not yet publicised, to avoid political disruption.<\/span><\/p>\n

The second pillar, according to Qaddour, is the role of both domestic and international actors. The international community must provide technical assistance and reconsider economic sanctions \u2013 especially the Caesar Act \u2013 to allow the government to finance reforms and reconstruction. Meanwhile, Syrian civil society must act as an independent watchdog to ensure transparency, contribute to policymaking, and rebuild trust between citizens and the state.<\/span><\/p>\n

Qaddour identified the greatest challenge as financing reforms under ongoing economic pressure. He argued that lifting or easing sanctions is essential to stabilise the interim government. The real struggle, he concluded, is no longer military or security-based, but one of civil resilience \u2013 the ability of the state and its citizens to deliver the basic services that sustain everyday life.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThis battle,\u201d he said, \u201cis measured not by victory on the battlefield, but by a new school seat, an extra hospital bed, or another hour of electricity.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

He pointed to the resilience of Syrian society as proof of this determination. Across both opposition-held and regime-freed areas, local initiatives in Idlib, Homs, Damascus, and Daraa have channelled donations into rebuilding schools, repairing infrastructure, and restoring essential services.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThese community efforts,\u201d Qaddour explained, \u201crepresent the true capital of trust \u2013 building legitimacy from the ground up. They lay the foundation for sustainable governance, whatever shape the future government takes.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Read also: Kirkuk\u2013Baniyas and Egyptian Gas: Syria\u2019s Lifelines of Energy and Hope for Economic Recovery<\/a>
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

The People as the Foundation<\/b><\/h2>\n

Activist and researcher Abdulrahman Rabou\u2019, based in Cairo, shared his perspective on how the interim government can rebuild state institutions that are transparent, just, and efficient while maintaining service continuity and avoiding administrative chaos.<\/span><\/p>\n

He told <\/span>+963<\/b> that state institutions must be built from the bottom up \u2013 starting with local administrations and elected councils in every town and province. This, he said, requires collective, participatory work led by qualified individuals chosen directly by their communities.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe interim government\u2019s role,\u201d Rabou\u2019 explained, \u201cis to create the conditions for rebuilding through direct popular elections. The people know their interests better than the government.\u201d He argued that when governments listen to citizens and fail, it is the people\u2019s right to replace them \u2013 ensuring accountability to voters rather than to higher authorities.<\/span><\/p>\n

He proposed that rebuilding should begin with directly elected local administrations supervised by a High Electoral Commission, legally and constitutionally protected to ensure neutrality and independence.<\/span><\/p>\n

Addressing the challenge of balancing accountability and integration, Rabou\u2019 noted that not all former regime officials were corrupt. Many were simply professionals performing their duties within the law, and several have already joined the interim administration. However, he insisted that those guilty of crimes or corruption must be excluded from public life.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cTransitional justice,\u201d he said, \u201cshould comfort everyone and open the door for Syrians to take part in rebuilding their country.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Rabou also called for encouraging skilled Syrians abroad to return and contribute to reconstruction, noting that while some have already come back, many more are needed.<\/span><\/p>\n

As for the role of civil society, Rabou described it as the main guarantee of fairness, justice, and equal opportunity. He urged the government to open all space for civic activity \u2013 political parties, trade unions, associations, and local initiatives \u2013 protected by law and supported by the state.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cGovernments do not build nations,\u201d he said. \u201cSocieties do \u2013 and through them, governments are born.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Rabou\u2019 concluded by calling civil society the \u201cschool of citizenship\u201d \u2013 the place where Syrians learn to act responsibly, honestly, and usefully for their communities.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The idea of governing state institutions in post-conflict Syria \u2013 after the fall of the Assad regime and under the interim government \u2013 has moved from theory to reality. It is now shaped by official declarations, practical challenges, and growing international attention. Over the past two years, the United Nations has repeatedly stressed in Security […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":107,"featured_media":40271,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"format":"standard","override":[{"template":"1","single_blog_custom":"0","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"left-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"float","share_float_style":"share-normal","show_share_counter":"1","show_view_counter":"1","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"1","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"g:i a 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Relief"},"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_override_counter":{"view_counter_number":"0","share_counter_number":"0","like_counter_number":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"jnews_post_split":{"post_split":[{"template":"1","tag":"h2","numbering":"asc","mode":"normal","first":"0","enable_toc":"0","toc_type":"normal"}]},"footnotes":""},"categories":[430,19],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[390],"class_list":["post-40268","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-insights","category-slider"],"yoast_head":"\nRebuilding the State: Syria\u2019s Hardest Battle - 963+<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Syria\u2019s interim government faces its toughest challenge yet: rebuilding state institutions amid sanctions, justice demands, and international pressure for reform.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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