{"id":40125,"date":"2025-10-27T13:43:00","date_gmt":"2025-10-27T13:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/963media.com\/en\/?p=40125"},"modified":"2025-10-27T13:44:15","modified_gmt":"2025-10-27T13:44:15","slug":"syria-and-turkey-between-cooperation-and-rivalry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/963media.com\/en\/27\/10\/2025\/syria-and-turkey-between-cooperation-and-rivalry\/","title":{"rendered":"Syria and Turkey: Between Cooperation and Rivalry"},"content":{"rendered":"

The relationship between Damascus and Ankara today resembles a delicate balancing act built on overlapping interests. Geography brings them together; history keeps them apart. While Syria\u2019s interim government seeks to consolidate its presence in the north, it sees Turkey as an indispensable partner on issues of security, borders and refugees. Yet Ankara faces its own challenges, entangled in the evolving Turkish\u2013Israeli confrontation that now extends into the Syrian arena.<\/span><\/p>\n

This is a relationship that goes beyond rhetoric \u2013 a pragmatic equation driven by necessity and tempered by regional calculations. Security concerns intersect with ambitions of influence, and every gesture of rapprochement becomes a measured move in an ever-shifting regional game.<\/span><\/p>\n

A Fragile Convergence<\/b><\/h2>\n

Despite the appearance of openness between the two sides, the relationship remains deeply complicated. It is shaped by the overlapping interests of regional powers involved in Syria, particularly amid growing tension between Ankara and Tel Aviv in recent months.<\/span><\/p>\n

The two capitals have diverged over the war in Gaza and Iran\u2019s role in Syria, as well as in the energy and gas disputes of the eastern Mediterranean. These differences have cast a shadow over the Syrian scene, where Ankara continues to regard the north as a sphere of political and military influence.<\/span><\/p>\n

Read also: Caution Over Conviction: The Arab World\u2019s Measured Bet on Syria\u2019s New Leadership<\/a>
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Guardianship or Partnership?<\/b><\/h2>\n

Issam Zeitoun, founder of the Syrian Peace Initiative and based in Germany, argues that what appears to be a rapprochement between the interim government and Turkey is, in essence, \u201ca relationship of guardianship\u201d that predates the fall of the former regime.<\/span><\/p>\n

He tells <\/span>+963<\/b>: \u201cThis relationship did not start today. It goes back to when the Astana alliance received the international mandate to manage the Syrian file through de-escalation zones and the agreements that eventually led to Idlib\u2019s autonomy under the direct protection of Turkey.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Zeitoun adds that this guardianship persisted even after the regime\u2019s fall. \u201cAnkara has never hidden its ambitions in northern Syria. Turkish leaders \u2013 at the highest levels \u2013 have for years spoken about the end of the Lausanne Treaty\u2019s century and the idea of reclaiming the northern belt of Syria stretching from Latakia to Mosul and the Iranian border.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

He continues: \u201cBehind these ambitions lies a dream of reviving Ottoman glory. At the same time, Ankara\u2019s harsh rhetoric against Israel is an attempt to assume the mantle of liberating Jerusalem \u2013 a cause that unites Arabs and Muslims and restores to Turkey both religious and political legitimacy as a regional leader, especially after Iran lost that role following repeated Israeli strikes.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Zeitoun points out that the divergence between Turkish and Israeli policies in Syria has become increasingly visible \u2013 \u201cparticularly after Turkey\u2019s attempt to establish airbases inside Syrian territory, when a technical team inspecting the T-4 airbase was targeted despite Israel\u2019s well-known red lines.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

He adds that Ankara insists on raising its anti-Israel rhetoric even while maintaining diplomatic, commercial and military ties with Tel Aviv. \u201cThe Syrian issue is far more complex. Turkey\u2019s ambitions are both historic and strategic. It seeks to lead the Arab and Islamic world under the banner of resisting Israel and liberating Jerusalem.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

An Unclear Vision from Damascus<\/b><\/h2>\n

Regarding the interim government\u2019s position on the Turkish\u2013Israeli rift, Zeitoun believes the vision remains \u201cunclear\u201d \u2013 not only on this issue but in its overall foreign policy. Trying to keep an equal distance from all parties, he says, is \u201cthe policy of amateurs\u201d, as it is nearly impossible to balance contradictory interests simultaneously.<\/span><\/p>\n

By contrast, political analyst and academic Ismat Al-Absi offers a different perspective. He tells <\/span>+963<\/b> that relations between Ankara and the transitional government have entered \u201ca new phase since the fall of the Assad regime\u201d.<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u201cThey have moved beyond temporary coordination to something closer to a strategic partnership based on security, political and economic cooperation,\u201d he says.<\/span><\/p>\n

Turkey, he notes, has become a key channel of communication between the Syrian government and international actors in matters of refugees and border stability. However, he acknowledges that this relationship remains highly dependent on regional fluctuations, particularly the intensifying friction between Ankara and Tel Aviv \u2013 making it, in his words, \u201ca partnership with a temporary margin of flexibility\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Al-Absi warns that growing Turkish\u2013Israeli tensions could directly affect Turkey\u2019s level of support for Damascus. \u201cIsrael is uneasy about Ankara\u2019s expanding role in Syria, while the transitional government is trying to maintain a delicate balance between the two to preserve its regional legitimacy,\u201d he explains.<\/span><\/p>\n

This tension, he adds, presents both \u201can opportunity and a risk\u201d: a chance for Damascus to strengthen its role and attract wider international engagement, yet also a danger of polarisation if the standoff turns into open confrontation \u2013 especially with Israeli airstrikes continuing across Syrian territory.<\/span><\/p>\n

Read also: Moscow and Damascus: From Painful Past to Pragmatic Diplomacy<\/a>
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Unspoken Coordination to Avoid Confrontation<\/b><\/h2>\n

Amid these developments, <\/span>Middle East Eye<\/span><\/a> reported in mid-May that Israel and Turkey had agreed to establish a direct 24-hour military communication channel to avoid unintended clashes in Syria.<\/span><\/p>\n

According to sources cited in the report, Ankara offered to deploy ground forces in Syria \u2013 including armoured vehicles and infantry \u2013 on the condition that its positions would not include air-defence systems or radar installations capable of tracking Israeli aircraft. Tel Aviv reportedly raised no objections if the deployment did not threaten its operations.<\/span><\/p>\n

The agreement followed a series of Israeli airstrikes, including the April attack on Hama military airport and the T-4 base in Homs province, which caused multiple casualties. <\/span>Reuters<\/span><\/i> reported that Turkish teams later visited three Syrian airbases in preparation for a joint defence agreement before those sites were targeted.<\/span><\/p>\n

The agency also noted that, during his February visit to Ankara, interim Syrian President Ahmad Al-Sharaa discussed a draft defence accord allowing Turkey to establish new airbases in Syria, use Syrian airspace for military purposes, and assist in training the new Syrian army under joint supervision.<\/span><\/p>\n

In this intricate landscape, relations between Damascus and Ankara remain governed by a fragile balance of overlapping regional interests. Between Turkey\u2019s ambitions in northern Syria, the interim government\u2019s struggle for legitimacy, and the ongoing Turkish\u2013Israeli contest for influence, the map of alliances is constantly redrawn.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yet one thing is certain \u2013 post-war Syria is no longer an empty space but a testing ground for new regional alignments and the evolving limits of power and partnership in a changing Middle East.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The relationship between Damascus and Ankara today resembles a delicate balancing act built on overlapping interests. Geography brings them together; history keeps them apart. While Syria\u2019s interim government seeks to consolidate its presence in the north, it sees Turkey as an indispensable partner on issues of security, borders and refugees. Yet Ankara faces its own […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":116,"featured_media":40126,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"format":"standard","override":[{"template":"1","single_blog_custom":"0","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"left-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"float","share_float_style":"share-normal","show_share_counter":"1","show_view_counter":"1","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"1","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"g:i a d\/m\/Y","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","post_calculate_word_method":"str_word_count","show_zoom_button":"1","zoom_button_out_step":"5","zoom_button_in_step":"4","show_post_tag":"1","number_popup_post":"1","show_post_related":"1"}],"image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","disable_ad":"0","subtitle":"Damascus and Ankara: a partnership of interests and the complexities of the Turkish\u2013Israeli Rift"},"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_override_counter":{"view_counter_number":"0","share_counter_number":"0","like_counter_number":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"jnews_post_split":{"post_split":[{"template":"1","tag":"h2","numbering":"asc","mode":"normal","first":"0","enable_toc":"0","toc_type":"normal"}]},"footnotes":""},"categories":[430,19],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[405],"class_list":["post-40125","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-insights","category-slider"],"yoast_head":"\nSyria and Turkey: Between Cooperation and Rivalry - 963+<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"As tensions grow between Ankara and Tel Aviv, Damascus and Turkey navigate a fragile partnership built on shared interests and deep mistrust. 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