{"id":38916,"date":"2025-07-20T16:43:50","date_gmt":"2025-07-20T16:43:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/963media.com\/en\/?p=38916"},"modified":"2025-07-20T16:43:50","modified_gmt":"2025-07-20T16:43:50","slug":"u-s","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/963media.com\/en\/20\/07\/2025\/u-s\/","title":{"rendered":"U.S. Strategy in Syria Between Kurdish Autonomy and National Unity"},"content":{"rendered":"

Washington is increasingly playing the role of a decisive mediator in Syria, seeking on one hand to maintain a limited military presence that ensures Kurdish influence in the country\u2019s northeast, and on the other hand, to block any regional arrangements that bypass its channels. While several scenarios emerge for the integration of the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), the American factor remains the key to either balance or escalation in a political moment that is redrawing the post-conflict power map in Syria.<\/strong><\/p>\n

The remarks made by U.S. Special Envoy to Syria Thomas Barrack on July 11 mark a turning point in understanding developments surrounding the potential integration of the SDF into a newly structured Syrian army, now under the leadership of Ahmad Al-Sharaa, amid a backdrop of complex regional and international dynamics.<\/p>\n

Barrack affirmed that the United States does not support any form of partition or federalism in Syria but rather believes in a unified Syrian state with a single army and a single government, while also emphasizing that the final decision lies with the Syrian people. He warned that integrating the SDF into the Syrian army will take time due to mutual mistrust between the group and the new government but expressed optimism about reaching a \u201csuccessful and beautiful\u201d agreement.<\/p>\n

He stated that federalism is \u201cnot an option\u201d in Syria, and that the SDF\u2019s only viable path is reconciliation with Damascus. He also noted that the Syrian government has shown \u201cunprecedented enthusiasm\u201d to incorporate the SDF into state institutions under a framework of \u201cone state, one nation, one army, one government.\u201d<\/p>\n

Read also: From Sykes\u2013Picot to the \u2018New Middle East\u2019: Will Regional Borders Hold?<\/strong><\/p>\n

A Shift in U.S. Strategy<\/b><\/h2>\n

In this context, political analyst and writer Rustam Mahmoud told +963<\/b> that the United States is undergoing a significant shift in its outlook and priorities regarding the Syrian issue, particularly following the regime\u2019s collapse and the evolution of a new U.S. policy.<\/p>\n

He explained that Washington had previously considered counterterrorism its sole priority in Syria, which led to its deep alliance with the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF).<\/p>\n

Mahmoud added that the United States now follows two key strategic tracks:
\n\u201cThe first is pursuing a Syrian\u2013Israeli peace deal to reorder the region according to American interests, ensuring near-absolute U.S. influence, excluding Russia and China, and guaranteeing Israel\u2019s strategic security, including retaining control over the Golan Heights and receiving clear security assurances. The second is expanding counterterrorism efforts throughout Syria, after securing commitments from some Islamist groups to transition into \u2018moderate\u2019 forces aligned with state principles.\u201d<\/p>\n

Thomas Barrack had already denied any American commitment to supporting the creation of an independent Kurdish state for the SDF. He clarified that Washington does not owe the SDF a state, but rather a credible pathway toward forming a new government.<\/p>\n

Mahmoud emphasized that Washington is seeking to build a framework for understanding with the new Syrian government, a move that could strain relations with the SDF, once seen as a stable and trusted ally.<\/p>\n

Challenges and Risks<\/b><\/h2>\n

The integration process faces major challenges, including deep mistrust between Damascus and the SDF. The Syrian government has accused the SDF of \u201cstalling\u201d the process, which has slowed the integration deal, amid fears of military escalation or outright collapse.<\/p>\n

Brigadier General Naji Mala\u2019eb, a security analyst and expert in geopolitics, told +963<\/b> that integrating the SDF into Syria\u2019s state structure faces serious operational and security challenges, the most prominent being the issue of prisons that hold more than 10,000 detainees, mostly ISIS members, which require careful coordination for the handover of responsibility to the Syrian state.<\/p>\n

Malaeb added that the SDF\u2019s military capabilities exceed those of other Syrian factions, giving it room to maneuver. However, he warned that sustaining this status quo would come at a high cost.<\/p>\n

He also pointed to economic and administrative obstacles related to sharing agricultural and oil resources, as well as the SDF\u2019s attempts to impose a federal model, a move that may be met with acceptance of administrative decentralization as a compromise. He noted that key constitutional objections, including the role of Islamic law and the sectarian nature of the presidency, present tough hurdles. He emphasized that a conditional American withdrawal and the resolution of the PKK issue could help reduce tensions and create conditions for integrating the SDF into a unified Syrian state, as part of a U.S.-sponsored political transition.<\/p>\n

Read also:How Do US, Israeli, and Emirati Interests Intersect in Syria and Lebanon?<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Possible Scenarios<\/h2>\n

The current discussions around integrating the SDF into the new Syrian army revolve around four main scenarios.
\nThe first involves gradual individual integration, where SDF fighters join the national army without forming separate Kurdish brigades. This faces resistance from both Damascus and internal opposition within the SDF.
\nThe second scenario proposes a special integration structure that allows limited local administration and constitutional guarantees, also opposed by Damascus and facing pressure from Turkey.
\nThe third is the continuation of the current division, with ongoing American support enabling the SDF to remain a semi-autonomous counterterrorism force.
\nThe fourth scenario envisions a comprehensive agreement that includes political guarantees and decentralization, although it is complicated by a lack of trust, internal SDF resistance, and regional pressures.<\/p>\n

The US envoy recently stated that disagreements between the Syrian government and the SDF over integration plans are ongoing. In a comment to the Associated Press<\/i>, he expressed full U.S. confidence in the new Syrian government and military but stressed that rebuilding trust would require gradual steps.<\/p>\n

In this context, political analyst Rustam Mahmoud noted that the scenarios essentially boil down to two major paths:
\n\u201cEither a negotiated political settlement between the SDF and the new rulers in Damascus that includes a slow integration process with clear security guarantees, or intense American pressure on the SDF that might push them to explore alternative options, including coordination with Russia to protect their territories.\u201d<\/p>\n

Despite the uncertainty, the U.S. envoy reaffirmed that the United States is not in a hurry to withdraw its forces from its bases in northeastern Syria, noting that the SDF had been a critical partner in the fight against ISIS.<\/p>\n

Mahmoud added that SDF leaders believe surrendering their weapons without genuine guarantees would open the door to atrocities against Kurdish areas, similar to past incidents on Syria\u2019s coast.<\/p>\n

On July 5, the U.S. Department of Defense (Pentagon) announced the allocation of $130 million from the 2026 budget to support the SDF and the \u201cFree Syrian Army.\u201d According to the Pentagon:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • $15.6 million will go toward training and equipping forces, including weapons, ammunition, vehicles, and medical and communications equipment.<\/li>\n
  • $32.4 million will fund logistical support such as food, medical services, and air and ground transport.<\/li>\n
  • $65 million is earmarked for monthly salaries for about 19,000 personnel.<\/li>\n
  • $1.55 million will support infrastructure repairs and the maintenance of ISIS detention facilities.<\/li>\n
  • $15.4 million will be used for sustainability programs for the SDF, internal security forces, and the Free Syrian Army.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    The funding will come from the Counter-ISIS Train and Equip Fund (CTEF). The Pentagon noted that this year\u2019s allocation is lower than last year\u2019s, due to progress in upgrading detention facilities during 2024 and 2025.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Washington is increasingly playing the role of a decisive mediator in Syria, seeking on one hand to maintain a limited military presence that ensures Kurdish influence in the country\u2019s northeast, and on the other hand, to block any regional arrangements that bypass its channels. While several scenarios emerge for the integration of the Syrian Democratic […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":108,"featured_media":38917,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"format":"standard","override":[{"template":"1","single_blog_custom":"0","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"left-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"float","share_float_style":"share-normal","show_share_counter":"1","show_view_counter":"1","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"1","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"g:i a d\/m\/Y","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","post_calculate_word_method":"str_word_count","show_zoom_button":"1","zoom_button_out_step":"5","zoom_button_in_step":"4","show_post_tag":"1","number_popup_post":"1","show_post_related":"1"}],"image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","disable_ad":"0","subtitle":"Between \u2018One Nation\u2019 and \u2018Independent Force, How the U.S. Is Shaping Syria\u2019s New Landscape"},"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_override_counter":{"view_counter_number":"0","share_counter_number":"0","like_counter_number":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"jnews_post_split":{"post_split":[{"template":"1","tag":"h2","numbering":"asc","mode":"normal","first":"0","enable_toc":"0","toc_type":"normal"}]},"footnotes":""},"categories":[382,19],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[394],"class_list":["post-38916","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinions","category-slider"],"yoast_head":"\nU.S. Strategy in Syria Between Kurdish Autonomy and National Unity - 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